Responses of leaf traits to altitude in Quercus aquifolioides and Sorbus rehderiana on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

As the most senstitive plant organs to environmental changes, leaves serve as crucial indicators of plant survival strategies. We measured the morphology, anatomical traits, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Quercus aquifolioides (evergreen broad-leaved) and Sorbus rehderiana (deciduous broad-leaved) at altitudes of 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400 m on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. We explored the similarity and difference in their responses to altitude change and the ecological adaptation strategy. The results showed that as the altitude increased, leaf dry matter content of Q. aquifolioides decreased, that of S. rehderiana increased, leaf size for both species gradually decreased, and the palisade coefficient of Q. aquifolioides showed a decreasing trend, contrasting with the increasing trend in S. rehderiana. As the altitude increased, the thickness of leaves, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, upper epidermis, and lower epidermis of both species increased significantly, with the increment of 22.4%, 4.9%, 45.1%, 23.3%, 19.6%, and 28.2%, 46.9%, 8.9%, 25.9%, 20.8% at altitude of 3400 m, respectively, compared with the altitude of 2600 m. The gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S. rehderiana significantly increased with increasing altitude, while Q. aquifolioides showed the opposite trend. Leaf anatomical traits, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of both species displayed considerable plasticity. There were significant correlations among most leaf traits and between leaf traits and altitude. The survival strategy of Q. aquifolioides was more conservative in response to altitude changes, while that of S. rehderiana was more active. Both species adapted to different altitudes by adjusting their own traits.

MIA3 promotes the degradation of GSH (glutathione) by binding to CHAC1, thereby promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

MIA3 (melanoma inhibitory active protein 3)/TANGO1 (Golgi transporter component protein) plays an important role in the initiation, development, and metabolism of cancer. We aimed to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of MIA3/TANGO1 in the growth and migration of hepatoma cells. According to the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, MIA3 is expressed at higher levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues than in normal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues and cells. The in vitro function of MIA3 in HCC cells was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry assays. Hep-G2 cells with MIA3 overexpression were subjected to RNA-seq, and the downstream target gene CHAC1 (glutathione-specific γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 1) was selected according to the results of the volcano map of gene enrichment. The relationship between MIA3 and CHAC1 was revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. MIA3 expression was upregulated in HCC organizations and HCC samples in the TCGA dataset. Knocking out MIA3 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hep-G2 cells and promoted the apoptosis of Hep-G2 cells. Overexpression of MIA3 in Huh7 cells promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed the apoptosis of Huh7 cells. Overexpression of MIA3 promoted the expression of CHAC1 and the degradation of glutathione (GSH), thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Knocking out MIA3 inhibited the expression of CHAC1 and slowed the degradation of glutathione, thereby inhibiting the growth and metastasis of HCC cells. MIA3 further promotes the growth, metastasis, and invasion of hepatoma cells by binding to the CHAC1 protein and promoting GSH degradation.

Effects of slope aspect on soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation in subalpine region of wes-tern Sichuan, China.

Exploring the resource limitation of soil microbial metabolism is essential to understand ecosystem functions and processes. However, the spatially divergent patterns and drivers of soil microbial nutrient limitation cha-racteristics in montane ecosystems at small scales, especially at the slope aspect scale, are still unclear. In this study, we measured soil enzyme activities involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycle and quantified the microbial nutrient limitations by enzyme stoichiometry in two representative mountain sites in subalpine region of western Sichuan, including the sunny and shady slopes with different vegetation types (shrubland and forest, respectively) in Miyaluo of Lixian County, and with the same vegetation type (shrubland) in Yakexia of Heishui County. The results showed that soil enzyme activities and their stoichiometric ratios were significantly different between slope aspects in Miyaluo, while the differences were not significant in Yakexia. The stoichiometry ratio of C-, N- and P-acquiring enzymes on the sunny slope of Miyaluo was 1:0.96:0.92, approaching the 1:1:1 ratio at the global scale, but deviated from 1:1:1 on the shady slope of Miyaluo (1:1.39:0.75) and the different slopes of Yakexia (1:1.09:1.35). There was no significant difference in vector length between slope aspects at both sites, indicating no significant effect of slope aspect on the microbial C limitation. The vector angle was significantly higher on the sunny slope (43.6°) than that on the shady slope (28.7°) in Miyaluo, suggesting that the microorganisms were mainly N-limited. Partial least squares path model showed that the vector angle was mainly directly influenced by the soil nutrient ratios. The vector angle ranged from 50.3° to 51.4°, and did not differ between slope aspects in Yakexia. Therefore, differences in vegetation types between slope aspects drove variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation through soil properties. It would provide a scientific basis for predicting the spatial pattern of soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation.

Current status and prospect of immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma / 中华消化外科杂志

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a category of highly heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy mainly originating from bile duct epithelial cells. The median survival time of untreated CCA patients is approximately 12?24 months, and the effectiveness and durability of surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are limited. Results of the next-generation sequencing show that dysregulation of the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CCA. It has opened up new possibilities for the study of therapies targeting the natural course of aggressive CCA, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and tumor vaccines. Based on the current status of immunotherapy for CCA, the authors review the efficacy and dilemmas of current CCA immunotherapy strategies and look forward to the future treatment prospects of CCA.

Research advances in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide in hepatobiliary diseases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is not only an important transporter for bile acid absorption into the liver, but also a functional receptor for HBV and HDV, and extensive studies have been performed for its structure, function, gene characteristics, and expression and regulation mechanisms. NTCP is also associated with chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, primary biliary cholangitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This article elaborates on the role of NTCP in various hepatobiliary diseases, so as to provide new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of tumor with a high incidence rate, a low rate of early diagnosis, and poor prognosis, and its development and progression involve many factors. As an important organelle in cells, mitochondria is the "energy factory" of cells and is one of the main sites for the production of reactive oxygen species in vivo, and it also participates in the regulation of cell apoptosis. There are varying degrees of changes in mitochondrial membrane, oxidation respiratory chain, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis during the development and progression of HCC, and such changes may affect the progression of HCC. This article systematically elaborates on the association between mitochondria and HCC, so as to provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

[Vertical distribution of natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes along the soil profile and the underlying mechanisms]. / åœŸå£¤å‰–é¢ç¢³æ°®ç¨³å®šåŒä½ç´ è‡ªç„¶ä¸°åº¦çš„åž‚ç›´åˆ†å¸ƒæ¨¡å¼åŠå ¶å½±å“æœºåˆ¶.

Understanding the changes of natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) along soil profile is of great importance in revealing the mechanisms of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on a comprehensive review on the distribution of δ13C and δ15N along soil profile, the mechanisms underlying their vertical distribution were mainly introduced here. There were three mechanisms driving the δ13C vertical distribution in soil profile: 1) historical changes of vegetation δ13C value, 2) changes of C3-C4 species dominance in plant communities, 3) accumulation of 13C-enriched microbial-derived carbon during decomposition. The effects of 13C Suess effect on the vertical distribution of δ13C in soil profile were also discussed. There were four mechanisms underlying the vertical distribution of δ15N in soil profile: 1) 15N-depletion gas loss during denitrification, 2) accumulation of 15N-enriched microbial-derived nitrogen during decomposition, 3) accumulation of 15N-encriched mycorrhizal fungi residues in deep soil as a result of transferring 15N-depleted nitrogen compounds to plants by mycorrhizae, 4) intera-ction between soil organic matter and mineral substance. We proposed important concerning points for the future study on vertical distribution of natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in soil profile.

Juvenile Hormone-Sensitive Ribosomal Activity Enhances Viral Replication in Aedes aegypti.

Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae) is a devastating virus transmitted to humans by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The interaction of the virus with the mosquito vector is poorly known. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated interruption or activation of immunity-related genes in the Toll, IMD, JAK-STAT, and short interfering RNA (siRNA) pathways did not affect ZIKV infection in A. aegypti. Transcriptome-based analysis indicated that most immunity-related genes were upregulated in response to ZIKV infection, including leucine-rich immune protein (LRIM) genes. Further, there was a significant increment in the ZIKV load in LRIM9-, LRIM10A-, and LIRM10B-silenced A. aegypti, suggesting their function in modulating viral infection. Further, gene function enrichment analysis revealed that viral infection increased global ribosomal activity. Silencing of RpL23 and RpL27, two ribosomal large subunit genes, increased mosquito resistance to ZIKV infection. In vitro fat body culture assay revealed that the expression of RpL23 and RpL27 was responsive to the Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway. These two genes were transcriptionally regulated by JH and its receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met) complex. Silencing of Met also inhibited ZIKV infection in A. aegypti. This suggests that ZIKV enhances ribosomal activity through JH regulation to promote infection in mosquitoes. Together, these data reveal A. aegypti immune responses to ZIKV and suggest a control strategy that reduces ZIKV transmission by modulating host factors. IMPORTANCE Most flaviviruses are transmitted between hosts by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes. Since therapeutics or vaccines are lacking for most mosquito-borne diseases, reducing the mosquito vector competence is an effective way to decrease disease burden. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to study the interaction between mosquito Aedes aegypti and ZIKV. Leucine-rich immune protein (LRIM) genes were involved in the defense in response to viral infection. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of RpL23 and RpL27, two JH-regulated ribosomal large subunit genes, suppressed ZIKV infection in A. aegypti. These results suggest a novel control strategy that could block the transmission of ZIKV.

CircATRNL1 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting miR-153-3p and KLF5.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by chondrocyte injury. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including OA. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of circATRNL1 in OA pathology in vitro. METHODS: Human chondrocytes were isolated and treated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) to mimic OA in vitro. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs between IL and 1ß-treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. The expression of circATRNL1, miR-153-3p and KLF5 was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). For functional analyses, cell apoptosis was assessed using a flow cytometry assay. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was monitored by measuring the levels of ECM-associated proteins by Western blot. The potential target miRNAs of circATRNL1 were screened by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression of circATRNL1 was decreased in IL-1ß-treated chondrocytes. CircATRNL1 overexpression ameliorated cell apoptosis and ECM degradation, which were promoted by IL-1ß treatment. Mechanistic analysis revealed that circATRNL1 directly targeted miR-153-3p and that miR-153-3p could reverse the inhibitory effects of circATRNL1 overexpression on inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis and ECM degradation. KLF5 is a target of miR-153-3p. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results in this study suggested that circATRNL1 might ameliorate the development and progression of OA through regulating miR-153-3p/KLF5 axis. Our study increased the understanding of circRNAs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of OA.

Therapeutic principles and strategies of Mirrizi syndrome / 中华消化外科杂志

Mirrizi syndrome is a rare benign disease of biliary tract. With the continuous emergence of new concepts and technologies in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment, the standardization of diagnosis and treatment for biliary diseases is also updated. Mirrizi syndrome is difficult to be diagnosed pre-operatively, and intraoperative unclear Calot′s triangle and tissue adhesion caused by gallbladder inflammation and gallbladder fistula formation increase the risk of biliary tract injury, which lead certain challenges for its surgical treatment. Therefore, strict preoperative evaluation and selection of corresponding surgical procedure for different classification of Mirrizi syndrome are of great significance for reducing postoperative complications. In addition, the development of laparoscopic technology reduces the surgical trauma and enhances recovery, but puts forward higher requirements for the experience and operation of surgeons. It is important that reasonably select laparoscopic surgery indications, correctly hold indications of bilioenetric anastomosis, and prevent iatrogenic injury of bile duct on the premise of clearing stones, which is the basic strategy for surgical treatment of Mirrizi syndrome. Based on relevant literatures and clinical practice, the author investigate the therapeutic principles and strategies of Mirrizi syndrome.

Homocysteine inhibits the viability and migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.

The current study aimed to explore the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on the viability and migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as to examine the underlying mechanism. The association between the expression level of Hcy and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was detected in clinical samples collected from patients. In addition, the effect of Hcy on the viability and migration ability of HUVECs was detected by cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays, respectively, while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was measured in order to verify the effect of Hcy on VEGF. The results indicated that the serum Hcy levels in DVT patients were significantly increased. In vitro experiments also confirmed that Hcy was able to significantly inhibit the viability and migration ability of HUVECs, and downregulate the expression of VEGF in these cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of Hcy on HUVEC viability and migration ability was achieved by downregulating the expression of VEGF using small interfering RNA transfection. In conclusion, Hcy inhibited the viability and migration ability of HUVECs by downregulating the expression of VEGF. This may underlie the high incidence of DVT in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Three novel trehalase genes from Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): cloning and regulation in response to rapid cold and re-warming.

Trehalose is the main blood sugar in insects. To study the function of trehalase during exposure to low temperatures, three other novel cDNAs of trehalase were cloned from Harmonia axyridis by transcriptome sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. One of the cloned cDNAs encoded a soluble trehalase, the second trehalase cDNA encoded a transmembrane-like domain, and the third cDNA encoded a membrane-bound protein. Therefore, these cDNAs were, respectively, named HaTreh1-5, HaTreh2-like, and HaTreh2. HaTreh1-5, HaTreh2-like, and HaTreh2 cDNAs encoded proteins containing 586, 553, and 633 amino acids with predicted masses of approximately 69.47, 63.46, and 73.66 kDa, and pIs of 9.20, 5.52, and 6.31, respectively. All three novel trehalases contained signal motifs "PGGINKESYYLDSY", "QWDYPNAWPP", and a highly conserved glycine-rich (GGGGEY) region. The expression levels of HaTreh1-5 and HaTreh2 mRNAs were high during adult stages, whereas HaTreh2-like was expressed in low amounts in the fourth larval stage. The results showed that the activity of membrane-bound trehalases decreased from 25 to 10 °C and from 5 to - 5 °C during cooling. The results also revealed a decreasing trend in expression of the three HaTreh mRNAs during the cooling treatment, and an initial decrease followed by an increase during the process of re-warming.

Aedes aegypti HPX8C modulates immune responses against viral infection.

Mosquitoes act as vectors of numerous pathogens that cause human diseases. Dengue virus (DENV) transmitted by mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is responsible for dengue fever epidemics worldwide with a serious impact on human health. Currently, disease control mainly relies on vector targeted intervention strategies. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the innate immune response of mosquitoes against pathogens. In the present study, the expression profiles of immunity-related genes in the midgut responding to DENV infection by feeding were analyzed by transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR. The level of Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) increased seven days post-infection (d.p.i.), which could be induced by the Toll immune pathway. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) genes, including antioxidant genes, such as HPX7, HPX8A, HPX8B, HPX8C were induced at one d.p.i. and peaked again at ten d.p.i. in the midgut. Interestingly, down-regulation of the antioxidant gene HPX8C by RNA interference led to reduction in the virus titer in the mosquito, probably due to the elevated levels of ROS. Application of a ROS inhibitor and scavenger molecules further established the role of oxygen free radicals in the modulation of the immune response to DENV infection. Overall, our comparative transcriptome analyses provide valuable information about the regulation of immunity related genes in the transmission vector in response to DENV infection. It further allows us to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying the host-virus interaction, which might aid in the development of novel strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases.

Response of photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in Betula utilis to altitudinal variation along Balang Mountain, Sichuan, China.

To better understand the response and adaptation of plants to altitudinal changes, four sites at the altitude of 2200 m, 2500 m, 3100 m and 3400 m on Balang Mountain were selected to test and calculate the eco-physiological parameters in leaves of Betula utilis, including photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), CO2 diffusion conductance (stomatal conductance gs and mesophyll conductance gm) and nitrogen allocation in each component (fractions of leaf nitrogen allocated to Rubisco PR, to bioenergetics PB, to light-harvesting components PL, and to cell wall PCW). Their changes with altitudinal variations and the relationships between leaf PNUE and the other parameters were analyzed. The results showed that PNUE, PR, and PB of the leaves were relatively higher at 2500 m and 3100 m. With the increases of altitude, gs and gm increased and PL decreased. The correlations between PR, PB and PNUE were significant, indicating that PR and PB were the main factors driving the changes in leaf PNUE in response to altitudinal variations. Besides, the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthetic apparatus (PP) was relatively higher at 2500 m and 3100 m. With increasing altitude, PCW decreased and the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to the other components (Pother) increased, which suggested that B. utilis leaves tended to allocate more nitrogen to the other components instead of the photosynthetic apparatus and cell wall with the increasing altitude to well adapt environmental changes.

Diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related pancreatitis / 中华消化外科杂志

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 4-related pancreatitis,also named as type I autoimmune pancreatitis,is recognized as a pancreatic manifestation of IgG4-related disease.It is very hard to differentiate it from pancreatic cancer due to similar clinical manifestations with pancreatic cancer.Diagnosis of IgG4related pancreatitis mainly relies on pathological examination and imaging examination.Corticosteroids are the main treatment for IgG4-related pancreatitis,and the risk of relapse is still high with steroid taper or following withdrawal of steroids.Based on researches on IgG4-related pancreatitis and our clinical experience,the authors have analyzed and summarized pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,clinical diagnosis,differentiation from pancreatic cancer,clinical treatment of IgG4-related pancreatitis,and suggested that elucidation of its mechanism and induction of immunotherapy may improve its efficacy.

Diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related pancreatitis / 中华消化外科杂志

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)4-related pancreatitis, also named as type Ⅰ autoimmune pancreatitis, is recognized as a pancreatic manifestation of IgG4-related disease. It is very hard to differentiate it from pancreatic cancer due to similar clinical manifestations with pancreatic cancer. Diagnosis of IgG4-related pancreatitis mainly relies on pathological examination and imaging examination. Corticosteroids are the main treatment for IgG4-related pancreatitis, and the risk of relapse is still high with steroid taper or following withdrawal of steroids. Based on researches on IgG4-related pancreatitis and our clinical experience, the authors have analyzed and summarized pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, clinical diagnosis, differentiation from pancreatic cancer, clinical treatment of IgG4-related pancreatitis, and suggested that elucidation of its mechanism and induction of immunotherapy may improve its efficacy.

Risk of Appendicitis among Children with Different Piped Water Supply: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Appendicitis is a common surgical condition for children. However, environmental effects, such as piped water supply, on pediatric appendicitis risk remain unclear. This longitudinal, nationwide, cohort study aimed to compare the risk of appendicitis among children with different levels of piped water supply. Using data from Taiwan Water Resource Agency and National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 119,128 children born in 1996⁻2010 from areas of the lowest piped water supply (prevalence 51.21% to 63.06%) as the study cohort; additional 119,128 children of the same period in areas of the highest piped water supply (prevalence 98.97% to 99.63%) were selected as the controls. Both cohorts were propensity-score matched by baseline variables. We calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of appendicitis in the study cohort compared to the controls by Cox proportional hazards regression. The study cohort had a raised overall incidence rates of appendicitis compared to the control cohort (12.8 vs. 8.7 per 10,000 person-years). After covariate adjustment, the risk of appendicitis was significantly increased in the study cohort (adjusted HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.58, p < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results that children with low piped water supply had a higher risk of appendicitis than those with high piped water supply. This study demonstrated that children with low piped water supply were at an increased risk of appendicitis. Enhancement of piped water availability in areas lacking adequate, secure, and sanitized water supply may protect children against appendicitis.

[Short-term effects of litter treatment on soil C and N transformation and microbial community structure in Erythrophleum fordii plantation.] / æž¯è½ç‰©å¤„ç†å¯¹æ ¼æœ¨æž—åœŸå£¤ç¢³æ°®è½¬åŒ–å’Œå¾®ç”Ÿç‰©ç¾¤è½ç»“æž„çš„çŸ­æœŸå½±å“.

In southern subtropical China, the seasonal variations of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation rates and microbial community structure under different litter treatments (control, litter removal, litter double) in Erythrophleum fordii plantation were studied by the methods of barometric process separation (BaPS) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles. The results showed that there were significant seasonal variations in soil respiration and gross nitrification rates under different litter treatments, with significantly higher rates in the rainy season than in the dry season. In the initial stage of litter treatment, soil respiration and gross nitrification rates decreased with increasing litter inputs. With prolonged litter treatment, both of them increased with increasing litter inputs. The total microbial PLFAs and each microbial group PLFAs under different litter treatments were significantly higher in the dry season than those in the rainy season. The fungal PLFAs/bacterial PLFAs in the rainy season were significantly higher than that in the dry season. In the dry season, litter removal significantly increased the total microbial PLFAs, bacterial PLFAs, fungal PLFAs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) PLFAs by 30.9%, 28.8%, 44.4% and 31.6%, respectively. In the rainy season, litter removal significantly decreased the bacterial PLFAs and AMF PLFAs by 10.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Soil microbial community structure was affected by both litter input treatments and seasons. Soil temperature and NH4+-N were the key determinants influencing the microbial community structure. The litter input treatments in E. fordii plantation had significant impacts on soil C and N transformation rate and microbial community structure in short-term, which were dependent on seasons.